Analisis Gelombang Elektromagnetik terhadap Efisiensi Sel Surya Generasi Baru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59031/jnts.v2i2.786Keywords:
Anti-Reflective Coating, Electromagnetic Waves, Energy Efficiency, Perovskite, Solar CellsAbstract
Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources to support the transition toward clean energy, yet conventional solar cell technology still faces efficiency limitations. Perovskite materials offer a potential solution due to their superior optoelectronic properties, although challenges related to stability and toxicity remain. This study aims to analyze the interaction of electromagnetic waves with perovskite materials and to evaluate the effect of nano-scale anti-reflective coatings on improving energy conversion efficiency. The research employed a combination of electromagnetic simulations using specialized software and laboratory experiments with miniature perovskite solar cell prototypes. Simulation results demonstrated higher electromagnetic field intensity within the active layer after the addition of anti-reflective coatings, with photon absorption increased by 15–18%. Experimental validation revealed that the energy conversion efficiency improved from 16.8–17.5% without anti-reflective layers to 20.5–21.3% with TiO₂- and SiO₂-based coatings. Optical characterization using a spectrophotometer confirmed enhanced light absorption up to 90% at specific wavelengths, while SEM analysis showed that smoother and more uniform SiO₂ coatings contributed to superior performance compared to TiO₂. Minor discrepancies between simulation and experimental results were attributed to fabrication variations, yet both approaches exhibited consistent improvement trends. These findings highlight that integrating perovskite materials with nano-scale anti-reflective coatings is a key strategy for enhancing the efficiency of next-generation solar cells while supporting future clean energy sustainability.
References
Albert, A. A., Parthasarathy, V., & Kumar, P. S. (2024). Review on recent progress in epoxy-based composite materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. Polymer Composites, 45(3), 1956–1984. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.27928
Barrutia, I., Seminario-Córdova, R., & Martinez-Rojas, V. (2022). Carbon-based perovskite solar cells: The future photovoltaic technology. Green Energy and Technology, 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97862-4_3
Cahyono, Y., Ramadhanti, S., Rasmianti, Dewi, Y. N. K., & Asrori, M. Z. (2021). Effect of annealing hold time on thickness and optical properties of barium titanate solar cell material. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1816(1), 012062. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1816/1/012062
Chander, S., & Tripathi, S. K. (2022). Efficient metal oxide-based flexible perovskite solar cells. In Smart and flexible energy devices (pp. 227–240). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003186755-13
Chen, G., Zhang, T., & Wang, Y. (2024). Bridging mechanisms between micro and macro. In Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials: Fundamentals and applications (pp. 117–143). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119699316.ch5
Darmana, I., Berliana, S., Erliwati, & Salvayer, A. R. (2023). Solar power plant planning study in campus III building of Bung Hatta University. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2691, 050005. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0117629
Dastgeer, G., Nisar, S., Zulfiqar, M. W., Eom, J., Imran, M., & Akbar, K. (2024). A review on recent progress and challenges in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 132, 110401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110401
Deng, J., Bai, Z., Zhao, B., Guo, X., Zhao, H., Xu, H., & Park, C. B. (2021). Opportunities and challenges in microwave absorption of nickel–carbon composites. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 23(37), 20795–20834. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp03522c
Digambar Singh, A., Yog Raj Sood, B., & Deepak, C. (2020). Recent techno-economic potential and development of solar energy sector in India. IETE Technical Review, 37(3), 246–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/02564602.2019.1596043
Dua, H. K., Kant, N., & Thakur, V. (2024). Comparative analysis of second-harmonic generation at two different interfaces in Kretschmann configuration. Journal of Optics (India), 53(5), 4091–4095. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-023-01397-2
Duan, J., Peng, L., Yu, H., & Xu, L. (2022). Research progress on the stability and efficiency of the two-dimensional halide perovskite solar cells. Fuhe Cailiao Xuebao/Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 39(5), 1890–1906. https://doi.org/10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211118.001
Kevin, L., Poespawati, N. R., Kartasasmita, R. A., Isa, M. J. A., Abuzairi, T., & Retno, W. P. (2020). Most efficient perovskite precursors molarity for perovskite solar cell. In 2020 7th IEEE International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences (ICETAS) (pp. 1–4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICETAS51660.2020.9484209
Kuznetsova, I. A., & Savenko, O. V. (2024). Interaction of an electromagnetic H-wave with an “insulator–semiconductor–insulator” nanostructure in the view of semiconductor band structure anisotropy. Optics and Spectroscopy, 132(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0030400X24020127
Miah, M. H., Rahman, M. B., Nur-E-Alam, M., Das, N., Soin, N. B., Hatta, S. F. W. M., & Islam, M. A. (2023). Understanding the degradation factors, mechanism and initiatives for highly efficient perovskite solar cells. ChemNanoMat, 9(3), e202200471. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202200471
Nabben, D., Kuttruff, J., Stolz, L., Ryabov, A., & Baum, P. (2023). Attosecond electron microscopy of sub-cycle optical dynamics. Nature, 619(7968), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06074-9
Nayan, P. N., Ahammed, A. K., Rahman, A., Johora, F. T., Reza, A. W., & Arefin, M. S. (2023). Impact analysis of rooftop solar photovoltaic systems in academic buildings. In Lecture notes in networks and systems (Vol. 852, pp. 325–337). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50330-6_32
Patil, S. V., & Bhargava, K. (2024). Semiconductors for solar cells. In Handbook of semiconductors: Fundamentals to emerging applications (pp. 207–221). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003450146-16
Poplavko, Y. M., Didenko, Y. V., & Tatarchuk, D. D. (2022). Microwave parameters of components of shielding composites. Part 2: Mechanisms of microwave absorption. Radioelectronics and Communications Systems, 65(12), 641–653. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0735272723010041
Pusch, A., & Ekins-Daukes, N. J. (2021). Classifying advanced concepts to assess device requirements for high efficiency solar cells. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD) (pp. 49–50). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/NUSOD52207.2021.9541417
Rani, P., Taya, R., & Reddy, V. P. (2023). A review on solar energy and different electricity generations. In 2023 International Conference on Power Energy, Environment and Intelligent Control (PEEIC) (pp. 231–234). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEEIC59336.2023.10451552
Tang, L., Tsui, K.-H., Leung, S.-F., Zhang, Q., Kam, M., Wang, H.-P., He, J.-H., & Fan, Z. (2019). Large-scale, adhesive-free and omnidirectional 3D nanocone anti-reflection films for high performance photovoltaics. Journal of Semiconductors, 40(4), 042601. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/40/4/042601
Wang, F., Liu, X.-K., & Gao, F. (2019). Fundamentals of solar cells and light-emitting diodes. In Advanced nanomaterials for solar cells and light emitting diodes (pp. 1–35). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813647-8.00001-1
Xu, L., Wang, S., Pu, M., Guo, Y., Li, X., & Luo, X. (2024). Recent major advancements in perovskite solar cells. Journal of Optics (United Kingdom), 26(5), 053001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ad33a6
Ye, P., Peng, J., Xu, F., Geng, H., Zhu, Y., & Wang, H. (2023). Design of core–shell SiO₂ nanoparticles to create anti-reflection and anti-fouling coatings for solar cells. Progress in Organic Coatings, 184, 107827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2023.107827
Zambrano, D. F., Villarroel, R., Espinoza-González, R., Carvajal, N., Rosenkranz, A., Montaño-Figueroa, A. G., Arellano-Jiménez, M. J., Quevedo-Lopez, M., Valenzuela, P., & Gacitúa, W. (2021). Mechanical and microstructural properties of broadband anti-reflective TiO₂/SiO₂ coatings for photovoltaic applications fabricated by magnetron sputtering. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 220, 110841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110841
Zhang, J., She, Y., Zhu, Y., Su, H., Zheng, X., Yao, Y., Li, D., & Liu, S. (2024). Enhancing performance and stability of perovskite solar cells with a novel formamidine group additive. Small, 20(40), 2402557. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202402557
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of New Trends in Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
